Per-person economy and immigration policy

Latest: $2,524,127,000,000 ($2.5T) (2026-Q2)

Period

2014-Q1 to 2026-Q2

Unit

Canadian dollars

Chained 2017 dollars, not current dollars. Annual values used on the page are the average of the four quarters, which matches the annual Canada series in table 36-10-0222-01 to within $1 million for 2014-2024. The two 2026 quarters are the latest estimates and will be revised. Statistics Canada states these dollar levels cannot be compared with other countries.

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 41,716,698 (2026-01-01)

Period

2014-01-01 to 2026-01-01

Unit

Persons

Includes non-permanent residents (temporary residents). On 2026-09-23 Statistics Canada revised non-permanent resident estimates, and therefore population, back to July 1, 2021, a larger-than-usual update in its words. Points from July 1, 2025 are preliminary. The quarter-start dates already registered in the population domain (2024-07-01, 2025-04-01, 2025-07-01, 2026-04-01, 2026-07-01) are not repeated here, so each date has one value in the registry.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $60,944 (2026-Q2)

Period

2015-Q1 to 2026-Q2

Unit

Canadian dollars

Released 2026-08-28, before the 2026-09-23 population revision, so values from 2021 Q3 use the older population. Up to 2021 Q3 each value equals quarterly GDP (SAAR) divided by population at the start of the quarter.

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0706-01 Gross domestic product per capita and other per capita macroeconomic indicators (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product per capita; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v1645315579Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $367,719,000,000 ($367.7B) (2024)

Period

2014 to 2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Statistics Canada has not yet published 2025 in this series. Its first 2025 estimate, by industry at basic prices (table 36-10-0711-01, May 1, 2026), has Alberta real GDP up 2.7% and real GDP per person roughly flat (+0.1%).

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0222-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual (opens in a new tab)Alberta; Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v62788314Published November 6, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $361,470,800,000 ($361.5B) (2025)

Period

2024 to 2025

Unit

Canadian dollars

Statistics Canada's first estimate for 2025 (The Daily, May 1, 2026: Alberta +2.7%, Canada +1.6%). A different measure from the market-price series for 2014 to 2024; revised provincial estimates are due in November 2026.

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0711-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by industry, provinces and territories (opens in a new tab)Alberta; All industries [T001]; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v1793287969Published May 1, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 4,688,032 (2023-07-01)

Period

2014-07-01 to 2023-07-01

Unit

Persons

Includes non-permanent residents. Revised on 2026-09-23 back to July 1, 2021. July 1 of 2024, 2025 and 2026 are registered in the population domain (population.alberta.<date>), so they are not repeated here.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Alberta; July 1 of each year; vector v15Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 86.4 (2025-Q3)

Period

1997-Q1 to 2025-Q3

Unit

Index

Authors: Carter McCormack and Ryan Macdonald. An index of the Canada/US ratio: 100.3 in 2015 Q1 and 86.4 in 2025 Q3. The report says Canada kept pace with the United States from 1997 to 2015 and deteriorated steadily after the mid-2010s oil price shock, and names slower productivity growth as the principal reason Canada is falling behind.

• Statistics Canada, Measuring Canada's economic performance relative to the United States (Economic and Social Reports, 36-28-0001) (opens in a new tab)Data table for Chart 1, column 'Real gross domestic product per capita'Published March 25, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

1.5%

Period

1997 Q1 to 2015 Q1

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0153

An average of quarterly annualized growth rates, not a compound annual rate. Do not set it beside the compound rates computed from table 36-10-0104-01.

• Statistics Canada, Measuring Canada's economic performance relative to the United States (Economic and Social Reports, 36-28-0001) (opens in a new tab)Table 1, 'Quarterly annualized growth rates', rows 'Real GDP per capita'Published March 25, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

1.5%

Period

1997 Q1 to 2015 Q1

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0152

An average of quarterly annualized growth rates, not a compound annual rate. Do not set it beside the compound rates computed from table 36-10-0104-01.

• Statistics Canada, Measuring Canada's economic performance relative to the United States (Economic and Social Reports, 36-28-0001) (opens in a new tab)Table 1, 'Quarterly annualized growth rates', rows 'Real GDP per capita'Published March 25, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.8%

Period

2015 Q1 to 2025 Q3

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0082

An average of quarterly annualized growth rates, not a compound annual rate. Do not set it beside the compound rates computed from table 36-10-0104-01.

• Statistics Canada, Measuring Canada's economic performance relative to the United States (Economic and Social Reports, 36-28-0001) (opens in a new tab)Table 1, 'Quarterly annualized growth rates', rows 'Real GDP per capita'Published March 25, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

2.1%

Period

2015 Q1 to 2025 Q3

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0207

An average of quarterly annualized growth rates, not a compound annual rate. Do not set it beside the compound rates computed from table 36-10-0104-01.

• Statistics Canada, Measuring Canada's economic performance relative to the United States (Economic and Social Reports, 36-28-0001) (opens in a new tab)Table 1, 'Quarterly annualized growth rates', rows 'Real GDP per capita'Published March 25, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“steady deterioration of Canada’s relative per capita output”

Period

2026-03-25

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence dates the deterioration from the oil price shock in the mid-2010s.

• Statistics Canada, Measuring Canada's economic performance relative to the United States (Economic and Social Reports, 36-28-0001) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Comparing Canada and the United States', paragraph on real GDP per capitaPublished March 25, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 52,147.8 (2025)

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Index

US dollars per person. Stored under unit "index" only because the registry has no US-dollar unit: show the derived percentage change, never this level with a $ sign.

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area CANAccessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 73,539.9 (2025)

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Index

US dollars per person; the OECD flags the 2025 value as estimated. Stored under unit "index" because the registry has no US-dollar unit.

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area USAAccessed September 28, 2026.

35

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Count

Stored value

35

drained.ca ranking from the OECD query linked here: 37 of the 38 members have both 2015 and 2025 values (Costa Rica has a 2015 value but no 2025 value). Canada, +4.3%, ranks 35th; only Mexico (+1.6%) and Luxembourg (-2.1%) grew less. The United States, +19.6%, ranks 12th.

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; all 38 member countries, 2015 and 2025 (drained.ca ranking)Accessed September 28, 2026.

37

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Count

Stored value

37

Costa Rica has a 2015 value but no 2025 value in this dataset.

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; all 38 member countries, 2015 and 2025Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.7%

Period

2020 to 2030

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.007

A 2021 projection of potential (trend) output, not a forecast of actual growth. Tied with Italy for the lowest of the 38 OECD members in the table.

• OECD, The Long Game: Fiscal Outlooks to 2060 Underline Need for Structural Reform (OECD Economic Policy Paper No. 29, Guillemette and Turner) (opens in a new tab)Table 1, 'The sources of potential real GDP per capita growth in the baseline scenario', p. 13, row Canada, column 2020-30Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.8%

Period

2030 to 2060

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.008

A 2021 projection of potential output. Tied with Korea for the lowest of the 38 OECD members in the table. United States: 1.2% (2020-30) and 1.0% (2030-60).

• OECD, The Long Game: Fiscal Outlooks to 2060 Underline Need for Structural Reform (OECD Economic Policy Paper No. 29, Guillemette and Turner) (opens in a new tab)Table 1, p. 13, row Canada, column 2030-60Accessed September 28, 2026.

“I’m saying that it’s an emergency—it’s time to break the glass.”

Period

2024-03-26

Unit

Verbatim text

The speech is about labour productivity (output per hour). It does not blame immigration.

• Bank of Canada, Time to break the glass: Fixing Canada's productivity problem (remarks by Carolyn Rogers, Senior Deputy Governor, Halifax Partnership) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Conclusion', first paragraphPublished March 26, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

88.0%

Period

1984

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.88

• Bank of Canada, Time to break the glass: Fixing Canada's productivity problem (remarks by Carolyn Rogers, Senior Deputy Governor, Halifax Partnership) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Canada's productivity problem', paragraph beginning 'Back in 1984'Published March 26, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

71.0%

Period

2022

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.71

Rogers adds that among G7 countries only Italy fell further relative to the United States over the same period.

• Bank of Canada, Time to break the glass: Fixing Canada's productivity problem (remarks by Carolyn Rogers, Senior Deputy Governor, Halifax Partnership) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Canada's productivity problem', paragraph beginning 'Back in 1984'Published March 26, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 0.8% (2026-Q2)

Period

2025-Q1 to 2026-Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Each point cites the release that first reported it; later releases revised them (see “Real GDP at market prices, Canada, quarterly (chained 2017 dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates)” for the current values). The November 28, 2025 release revised 2025 Q2 to -0.5%.

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, second quarter 2026 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphPublished August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, first quarter 2025 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphPublished May 30, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, second quarter 2025 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphPublished August 29, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, third quarter 2025 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphPublished November 28, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, fourth quarter 2025 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphPublished February 27, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, first quarter 2026 (opens in a new tab)First paragraph ('unchanged') and indicator panel '0.0% (quarterly change)'Published May 29, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $2,500,680,000,000 ($2.5T) (2026-Q1)

Period

2025-Q4 to 2026-Q1

Unit

Canadian dollars

The same table shows the quarterly change as -0.0 (annualized -0.1). Statistics Canada's text called the quarter unchanged. Superseded on 2026-08-28.

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, first quarter 2026, Table 2 (Real gross domestic product, expenditure-based) (opens in a new tab)Row 'Gross domestic product at market prices', columns fourth quarter 2025 and first quarter 2026 (millions of chained 2017 dollars)Published May 29, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.1%

Period

2026 Q1

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.001

Revised from 0.0% to 0.1%, led by upward revisions to exports (The Daily, 2026-08-28).

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, second quarter 2026 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphPublished August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“Real gross domestic product (GDP) was unchanged in the first quarter of 2026”

Period

2026-05-29

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence continues: after declining 0.2% in the fourth quarter of 2025. Statistics Canada did not describe it as a recession.

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, first quarter 2026 (opens in a new tab)First paragraph ('unchanged') and indicator panel '0.0% (quarterly change)'Published May 29, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-0.2%

Period

2025-Q4

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.002

Superseded on 2026-08-28; the current estimate follows from the 2025-Q3 and 2025-Q4 levels in “Real GDP at market prices, Canada, quarterly (chained 2017 dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates)” (Table 36-10-0104-01, published 2026-08-28).

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, first quarter 2026 (opens in a new tab)First paragraph ('after declining 0.2% in the fourth quarter of 2025')Published May 29, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“slipped into a technical recession on an annualized basis”

Period

2026-05-29

Unit

Verbatim text

News reporting. The article adds that on a quarter-over-quarter basis the first quarter was unchanged, 'closely escaping the definition of a technical recession on a quarter-on-quarter basis.'

• CBC News (reporting), Canada slipped into a technical recession on an annualized basis as economic growth stalled in 1st quarter (opens in a new tab)HeadlinePublished May 29, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“Canada slips into technical recession as economy stalls in Q1”

Period

2026-05-29

Unit

Verbatim text

News reporting. The article reports first-quarter GDP down 0.1% at an annualized rate after a revised 1.0% annualized decline in the fourth quarter of 2025.

• Global News (reporting), Canada slips into technical recession as economy stalls in Q1: StatCan (opens in a new tab)HeadlinePublished May 29, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

6

Period

2024 Q3

Unit

Count

Stored value

6

Statistics Canada: on a per capita basis, GDP fell 0.4% in the third quarter of 2024, which was the sixth consecutive quarterly decline. The August 30, 2024 release had reported the fifth. After later revisions, the current series shows three consecutive declines (2023 Q2 to Q4).

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, third quarter 2024 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphPublished November 29, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 125.2 (2014)

Period

2007 to 2014

Unit

Index

The years before “Consumer Price Index, all-items, Canada, annual average (2002 = 100)”, from the same table and vector; the 2015 value read with them (126.6) matches that series. Used to put the waste hub's first figures of 2008 and 2013 into the dollars of the latest cost.

• Statistics Canada, Table 18-10-0005-01 Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted (opens in a new tab)Canada; All-items; vector v41693271 (read through Statistics Canada's Web Data Service, getDataFromVectorByReferencePeriodRange)Accessed October 14, 2026.

Latest: 164.2 (2025)

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Index

Used to express debt per person in 2025 dollars. Debt at March 31 of year Y is deflated with the calendar-year Y average, an approximation.

• Statistics Canada, Table 18-10-0005-01 Consumer Price Index, annual average, not seasonally adjusted (opens in a new tab)Canada; All-items; vector v41693271Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 368,224 (2025/2026)

Period

2014/2015 to 2025/2026

Unit

Persons

Statistics Canada: net non-permanent residents are final up to 2022/2023, updated for 2023/2024 and 2024/2025, and preliminary for 2025/2026 (table note 11).

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0008-01 Estimates of the components of demographic growth, annual (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Immigrants'; July 1 to June 30 years; vector v391099Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: -154,614 (2025/2026)

Period

2014/2015 to 2025/2026

Unit

Persons

Statistics Canada: net non-permanent residents are final up to 2022/2023, updated for 2023/2024 and 2024/2025, and preliminary for 2025/2026 (table note 11).

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0008-01 Estimates of the components of demographic growth, annual (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Net non-permanent residents'; July 1 to June 30 years; vector v29768529Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 374,708 (2025/2026)

Period

2014/2015 to 2025/2026

Unit

Persons

Statistics Canada: net non-permanent residents are final up to 2022/2023, updated for 2023/2024 and 2024/2025, and preliminary for 2025/2026 (table note 11).

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0008-01 Estimates of the components of demographic growth, annual (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Births'; July 1 to June 30 years; vector v391069Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 337,064 (2025/2026)

Period

2014/2015 to 2025/2026

Unit

Persons

Statistics Canada: net non-permanent residents are final up to 2022/2023, updated for 2023/2024 and 2024/2025, and preliminary for 2025/2026 (table note 11).

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0008-01 Estimates of the components of demographic growth, annual (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Deaths'; July 1 to June 30 years; vector v391084Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 61,829 (2025/2026)

Period

2014/2015 to 2025/2026

Unit

Persons

Statistics Canada: net non-permanent residents are final up to 2022/2023, updated for 2023/2024 and 2024/2025, and preliminary for 2025/2026 (table note 11).

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0008-01 Estimates of the components of demographic growth, annual (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Net emigration'; July 1 to June 30 years; vector v1566834743Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“the highest annual population growth rate (+3.2%) in Canada since 1957 (+3.3%)”

Period

2024-03-27

Unit

Verbatim text

First estimate; the sentence begins "This was". On current data (2026-09-23) 2023 growth is 3.0% (1,193,044 people). The same release says most of the growth came from temporary immigration.

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Canada's population estimates: Strong population growth in 2023 (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'On January 1, 2024'; the next paragraph, 'Most of Canada's 3.2% population growth rate stemmed from temporary immigration in 2023'Published March 27, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“an NPR who leaves the country, is deported, becomes a non-resident or obtains immigrant status leaves the NPR population: this is an outflow”

Period

2025-12-17

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence begins 'Conversely,'. NPR is Statistics Canada's abbreviation for non-permanent resident; 'immigrant status' is permanent residence. The same section adds: 'Obtaining permanent residence also constitutes another type of outflow.'

• Statistics Canada, Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada (91-528-X), Chapter 7: Non-permanent residents (opens in a new tab)Section 'Non-permanent residents’ inflows and outflows', first paragraphPublished December 17, 2025. Accessed October 5, 2026.

“caution should be exercised when comparing statistics from different sources, since they are compiled in different ways and serve different purposes”

Period

2025-12-17

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence begins 'However,'. The paragraph opens: 'Other data sources on NPRs, temporary residents and asylum claimants are also available from Statistics Canada and IRCC.'

• Statistics Canada, Technical Guide on Demographic Estimates at Statistics Canada (91-528-X), Chapter 7: Non-permanent residents (opens in a new tab)Section 'Comparisons between DEP estimates of NPRs and alternative data sources', first paragraphPublished December 17, 2025. Accessed October 5, 2026.

Latest: 2,779,774 (2026-07-01)

Period

2021-07-01 to 2026-07-01

Unit

Persons

Work and study permit holders and their families, plus asylum claimants, protected persons and related groups. Revised on 2026-09-23 back to July 1, 2021, with a new adjustment for people on maintained status. Statistics Canada cautions against comparing these estimates with IRCC counts.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0121-01 Estimates of the number of non-permanent residents by type, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Total, non-permanent residents'; vector v1566927590Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Canada's population estimates: Age and gender, 2026 (opens in a new tab)Section 'Number of non-permanent residents continues to decrease', first paragraphPublished September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

2,558,562

Period

2026-04-01

Unit

Persons

Stored value

2558562

Superseded on September 23, 2026, when Statistics Canada revised its estimates of non-permanent residents back to July 1, 2021. The June release warned that larger-than-usual upward revisions were likely.

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Canada's population estimates, first quarter 2026 (opens in a new tab)Indicator 'Estimate of the number of non-permanent residents — Canada', April 1, 2026 (table 17-10-0121-01)Published June 17, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 279,477 (2026-07-01)

Period

2021-07-01 to 2026-07-01

Unit

Persons

Work and study permit holders and their families, plus asylum claimants, protected persons and related groups. Revised on 2026-09-23 back to July 1, 2021, with a new adjustment for people on maintained status. Statistics Canada cautions against comparing these estimates with IRCC counts.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0121-01 Estimates of the number of non-permanent residents by type, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Alberta; 'Total, non-permanent residents'; vector v1566927689Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 530,090 (2026-07-01)

Period

2021-07-01 to 2026-07-01

Unit

Persons

Work and study permit holders and their families, plus asylum claimants, protected persons and related groups. Revised on 2026-09-23 back to July 1, 2021, with a new adjustment for people on maintained status. Statistics Canada cautions against comparing these estimates with IRCC counts.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0121-01 Estimates of the number of non-permanent residents by type, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Total, asylum claimants, protected persons and related groups'; vector v1566927591Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 9,332 (2025-Q4)

Period

2023-Q1 to 2025-Q4

Unit

Persons

New temporary residents counted by Statistics Canada, by quarter. Calendar-year totals are sums of the four quarters.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0040-01 Estimates of the components of international migration, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Alberta; 'Non-permanent residents, inflows'; vector v1566834767Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: 76,983 (2025-Q4)

Period

2023-Q1 to 2025-Q4

Unit

Persons

New temporary residents counted by Statistics Canada, by quarter. Calendar-year totals are sums of the four quarters.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0040-01 Estimates of the components of international migration, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; 'Non-permanent residents, inflows'; vector v1566834758Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“Immigration is critical to Canada’s economic growth”

Period

2022-11-01

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence continues: and is key to supporting economic recovery. The same report says the 2023-25 Levels Plan will play an important role in economic growth, from filling labour shortages to closing labour market gaps. The page is now archived.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2022 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Immigration contributes to Canada’s prosperity', highlighted boxPublished November 1, 2022. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“a decrease in our temporary residents population to 5% over the next three years”

Period

2024-03-21

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence begins 'As a starting point, we are targeting'. The next sentence: 'This target will be finalized in the fall'.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Speaking notes for the Honourable Marc Miller, Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship: Announcement related to Temporary Residents (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'As a starting point, we are targeting'Published March 21, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

5.0%

Period

End of 2026

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.05

The minister first announced the goal on March 21, 2024 as 5% 'over the next three years', a target to be finalized in the fall; IRCC's 2024 Annual Report to Parliament dates the end-2026 goal to that announcement. Moved in November 2025 to less than 5% by the end of 2027.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Backgrounder: 2025–2027 Immigration Levels Plan (opens in a new tab)Second paragraph: 'helping reduce temporary resident volumes to 5% of Canada’s population by the end of 2026'Published October 24, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

5.0%

Period

End of 2027

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.05

Stated as less than 5%. The PBO notes this is one year later than originally planned (RP-2526-025-S, p. 2).

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Message From the Minister'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

673,650

Period

2025

Unit

Persons

Stored value

673650

The first levels plan with temporary resident targets ("introduced for the first time ever"). Range 604,900 to 742,400.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2024 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'The 2025-2027 Immigration Levels Plan', table 'Overall Projected TR Arrivals & Ranges'Published October 24, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

385,000

Period

2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

385000

Down from 516,600 for 2026 in the previous plan. Range 375,000 to 395,000.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Annex: Canada’s 2026–2028 Levels Plan', table 'Temporary Resident Admissions 2026 – 2028'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

393,500

Period

2025

Unit

Persons

Stored value

393500

IRCC gives the total as approximate. The page date is the date shown under Page details; the note was prepared for the committee appearance of April 22, 2026.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM – Immigration Levels Plan – April 22, 2026 (opens in a new tab)Section 'Key Achievements (2025)': 'In 2025, Canada welcomed approximately 393,500 PRs, meeting the admissions target set out in the 2025–2027 Immigration Levels Plan.'Published August 21, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

48.0%

Period

2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.48

IRCC's basis is 'prior permit holder status': anyone who had held a permit before, which can include people who applied from abroad; IRCC does not say whether it counts protected persons, who need no permit. Other IRCC publications count 'former temporary residents' (2022) or people with 'a prior study or work permit' (2022, narrower); the bases are not interchangeable.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM – Immigration Levels Plan – April 22, 2026 (opens in a new tab)Section 'Key Achievements (2025)': 'Approximately 48% of these PR admissions had prior permit holder status.'Published August 21, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

40.0%

Period

2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.4

IRCC wrote 'More than 40%'; the value is the floor it named. The plan counts people 'already in Canada as temporary residents'; the outcome, “Share of 2025 permanent resident admissions who had held a temporary permit”, counts 'prior permit holder status', a different basis, so the two are not a like-for-like comparison.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Backgrounder: 2025–2027 Immigration Levels Plan (opens in a new tab)Bullet 'prioritizes in-Canada applicants and pathways for those already here': 'More than 40% of anticipated permanent resident admissions in 2025 will be from those who are already in Canada as temporary residents.'Published October 24, 2024. Accessed October 5, 2026.

“about half of new permanent residents were already living in Canada as non-permanent residents, and contributing to our economy”

Period

2026-09-15

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence begins 'In recent years,'. The next sentence is “IRCC on what in-Canada transitions do for infrastructure and services (September 2026)”.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Understanding permanent residence numbers in Canada (opens in a new tab)Introduction, paragraph beginning "Each year, we aim to meet the number of new permanent residents"Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

“This helps to limit additional pressures on infrastructure and social services”

Period

2026-09-15

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Understanding permanent residence numbers in Canada (opens in a new tab)Introduction, paragraph beginning "Each year, we aim to meet the number of new permanent residents"Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

119,690

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

119690

Dataset 'Transition from Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Status – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1b026aab-edb3-4d5d-8231-270a09ed4e82), last modified 2026-09-15. IRCC counts people granted permanent residence who had held this kind of permit at some time before; the table does not say whether they were in Canada when made permanent. A person can appear in more than one of IRCC's prior-status tables. Values are rounded to the nearest 5 (0 to 5 shown as '--'); the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada – Admissions of Permanent Residents with Prior International Mobility Program Work Permit Holder Status by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 33,945, 21,010, 33,875, 30,860 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

9,500

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

9500

Dataset 'Transition from Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Status – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1b026aab-edb3-4d5d-8231-270a09ed4e82), last modified 2026-09-15. IRCC counts people granted permanent residence who had held this kind of permit at some time before; the table does not say whether they were in Canada when made permanent. A person can appear in more than one of IRCC's prior-status tables. Values are rounded to the nearest 5 (0 to 5 shown as '--'); the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada – Admissions of Permanent Residents with Prior Temporary Foreign Worker Program Work Permit Holder Status by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 3,830, 1,615, 2,170, 1,885 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

21,340

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

21340

Dataset 'Transition from Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Status – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1b026aab-edb3-4d5d-8231-270a09ed4e82), last modified 2026-09-15. IRCC counts people granted permanent residence who had held this kind of permit at some time before; the table does not say whether they were in Canada when made permanent. A person can appear in more than one of IRCC's prior-status tables. Values are rounded to the nearest 5 (0 to 5 shown as '--'); the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada – Admissions of Permanent Residents with Prior Study Permit Holder Status by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 5,530, 4,070, 5,765, 5,975 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

11,790

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

11790

Dataset 'Transition from Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Status – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1b026aab-edb3-4d5d-8231-270a09ed4e82), last modified 2026-09-15. IRCC counts people granted permanent residence who had held this kind of permit at some time before; the table does not say whether they were in Canada when made permanent. A person can appear in more than one of IRCC's prior-status tables. Values are rounded to the nearest 5 (0 to 5 shown as '--'); the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada – Admissions of Permanent Residents with Prior International Mobility Program Work Permit Holder Status by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Alberta Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 2,800, 2,115, 3,605, 3,270 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

1,320

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

1320

Dataset 'Transition from Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Status – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1b026aab-edb3-4d5d-8231-270a09ed4e82), last modified 2026-09-15. IRCC counts people granted permanent residence who had held this kind of permit at some time before; the table does not say whether they were in Canada when made permanent. A person can appear in more than one of IRCC's prior-status tables. Values are rounded to the nearest 5 (0 to 5 shown as '--'); the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada – Admissions of Permanent Residents with Prior Temporary Foreign Worker Program Work Permit Holder Status by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Alberta Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 420, 220, 350, 330 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

2,440

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

2440

Dataset 'Transition from Temporary Resident to Permanent Resident Status – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/1b026aab-edb3-4d5d-8231-270a09ed4e82), last modified 2026-09-15. IRCC counts people granted permanent residence who had held this kind of permit at some time before; the table does not say whether they were in Canada when made permanent. A person can appear in more than one of IRCC's prior-status tables. Values are rounded to the nearest 5 (0 to 5 shown as '--'); the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada – Admissions of Permanent Residents with Prior Study Permit Holder Status by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Alberta Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 565, 465, 740, 670 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

368,225

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

368225

Dataset 'Permanent Residents – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/f7e5498e-0ad8-4417-85c9-9b8aff9b9eda), last modified 2026-09-15. Values rounded to the nearest 5; the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 102,880, 83,055, 83,140, 99,150 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

50,160

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

50160

Dataset 'Permanent Residents – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/f7e5498e-0ad8-4417-85c9-9b8aff9b9eda), last modified 2026-09-15. Values rounded to the nearest 5; the table is dated 'Source: IRCC, July 31, 2026' and its data are preliminary.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Row 'Alberta - Total'; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026: 12,965, 12,410, 11,140, 13,645 (sum of the four)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

31,275

Period

July 2025 to June 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

31275

The table has no national row for the category, so the value is the sum of the province and territory rows, each rounded to the nearest 5, with '--' (0 to 5) counted as 0: approximate to within a few hundred. By province, July 2025 to June 2026: Ontario 20,335; Quebec 5,150; Alberta 2,625; British Columbia 2,590; the rest 575. Statistics Canada counts protected persons as non-permanent residents until they become permanent. Dataset 'Permanent Residents – Monthly IRCC Updates' (https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/f7e5498e-0ad8-4417-85c9-9b8aff9b9eda), last modified 2026-09-15.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (open data), Canada - Admissions of Permanent Residents by Province/Territory of Intended Destination and Immigration Category, January 2015 - July 2026 (opens in a new tab)Rows 'Protected Person in Canada' under each of the 13 provinces and territories; Quarter totals 'Q3 Total' and 'Q4 Total' under 2025 and 'Q1 Total' and 'Q2 Total' under 2026, summed (52 cells)Published September 15, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

361,935

Period

2025

Unit

Persons

Stored value

361935

IRCC gives the fall and its share of 2024's arrivals (“Fall in new arrivals of international students and temporary workers, 2025 against 2024, as a share of 2024's arrivals”), not the number of 2025 arrivals. The site derives the number they imply, and shows it as the result of the 2025 target. The same note says arrivals of students fell by 177,595 and of workers by 184,340.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM – Immigration Levels Plan – April 22, 2026 (opens in a new tab)Section 'Key Achievements (2025)': 'Compared to 2024, 2025 also saw 53% (or 361,935) fewer arrivals of international students and temporary workers to Canada'Published August 21, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

53.0%

Period

2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.53

IRCC rounds the share to a whole percent. With the count beside it, it gives the number of 2025 arrivals, which the site derives.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM – Immigration Levels Plan – April 22, 2026 (opens in a new tab)Section 'Key Achievements (2025)': 'Compared to 2024, 2025 also saw 53% (or 361,935) fewer arrivals of international students and temporary workers to Canada'Published August 21, 2026. Accessed October 5, 2026.

“Targets are not set for visitors arriving with temporary resident visas or electronic travel authorizations (eTAs), permit extensions, in-Canada study/work permit applications and asylum claimants”

Period

2024-10-24

Unit

Verbatim text

The footnote continues: 'Asylum claimant volumes and in-Canada study/work permit applications are included in the overall methodology and calculations to reach the 5% target.'

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Notice – Supplementary Information for the 2025-2027 Immigration Levels Plan (opens in a new tab)Footnote 2 to the temporary resident targets tablePublished October 24, 2024. Accessed October 5, 2026.

395,000

Period

2025

Unit

Persons

Stored value

395000

The result is “New permanent residents admitted to Canada, 2025 (approximate)”: IRCC gives 2025 admissions as approximately 393,500, which it says meets this target.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2024 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'The 2025-2027 Immigration Levels Plan', table 'Overall Projected PR Admissions & Ranges'Published October 24, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

380,000

Period

2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

380000

380,000 a year for 2026, 2027 and 2028.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Annex: Canada’s 2026–2028 Levels Plan', table 'Permanent Resident Admissions 2026 – 2028'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

64.0%

Period

2026 to 2028

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.64

Up from 59%, according to the same paragraph.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Annex: Canada’s 2026–2028 Levels Plan', paragraph beginning 'Budget 2025 announces'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“the pace of arrivals began to exceed Canada’s capacity to absorb and support newcomers in the way we are used to doing”

Period

2025-11-04

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Annex: Canada’s 2026–2028 Levels Plan', third paragraphPublished November 4, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“put pressure on housing supply, the healthcare system, and schools”

Period

2025-11-04

Unit

Verbatim text

The subject is the rise in temporary residents from 3.3% of the population (2018) to 7.5% (2024), figures from an older Statistics Canada vintage; the current estimate of the peak is 7.2% (October 1, 2024).

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Annex: Canada’s 2026–2028 Levels Plan', paragraph beginning 'In 2018, 3.3 per cent'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“this system is no longer sustainable”

Period

2025-11-04

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Annex: Canada’s 2026–2028 Levels Plan', paragraph beginning 'In 2018, 3.3 per cent'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“If you’re 18 to 54 years of age, you must submit proof that you can speak and listen at the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) Level 4 or higher in English or French.”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

Speaking and listening only; no reading or writing level is asked on this page.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Find out if you have the language proof for citizenship: Step 1 (opens in a new tab)First paragraphAccessed October 14, 2026.

“Most people need to take a test as part of the citizenship application.”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Citizenship test (opens in a new tab)Introduction, first sentenceAccessed October 14, 2026.

“an English qualification at B1, B2, C1 or C2 level”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

The page applies it to applicants 18 or over applying for citizenship or to settle. A degree taught or researched in English is the other route.

• UK Home Office (GOV.UK), Prove your knowledge of English for citizenship and settling (opens in a new tab)Overview, list under 'You can prove it by having either'Accessed October 14, 2026.

“You have 45 minutes to answer 24 questions based on the Life in the UK handbook.”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

Same page: 'You must score 75% or more to pass the test.' Needed for citizenship or settlement.

• UK Home Office (GOV.UK), Life in the UK Test: What happens at the test (opens in a new tab)Section 'What happens at the test', first sentenceAccessed October 14, 2026.

“you must pass the civic integration exam at language level A2”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

The exam covers reading, listening, writing and speaking, and Knowledge of Dutch Society (KNS), per the section on what the exam involves.

• Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND), Netherlands, Civic integration for naturalisation (opens in a new tab)First paragraphAccessed October 14, 2026.

“This means that you speak, read, write and understand Dutch fairly well.”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND), Netherlands, Civic integration for naturalisation (opens in a new tab)First paragraphAccessed October 14, 2026.

“You must pass the Danish language test 2 (Prøve i Dansk 2), or a Danish exam of an equivalent or higher level.”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

• New to Denmark (Danish Immigration Service and SIRI), Permanent residence (opens in a new tab)Basic requirement 'You must pass the Danish language test 2'Accessed October 14, 2026.

“regular, full-time employment or been self-employed in Denmark for at least 3 years and 6 months during the 4 years prior to the date the Immigration Service reaches a decision”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

Also a basic requirement: 8 years of legal residence (4 if all four supplementary requirements are met).

• New to Denmark (Danish Immigration Service and SIRI), Permanent residence (opens in a new tab)Basic requirement 'You must have been employed for at least 3 years and 6 months'Accessed October 14, 2026.

50.0%

Period

2024-25

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.5

Stated as at least 50%, to be met at the end of each fiscal year.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 2, 'Percentage of settlement clients who improved their official language skills', targetAccessed October 14, 2026.

34.0%

Period

2022-23

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.34

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 2, 'Percentage of settlement clients who improved their official language skills', actual resultAccessed October 14, 2026.

34.7%

Period

2023-24

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.347

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 2, 'Percentage of settlement clients who improved their official language skills', actual resultAccessed October 14, 2026.

37.6%

Period

2024-25

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.376

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 2, 'Percentage of settlement clients who improved their official language skills', actual resultAccessed October 14, 2026.

$973,500,000 ($973.5M)

Period

2022-23

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

973500000

Stated as approximately $973.5M in 2022-23 and $1.08B in 2023-24 ($2.05B over the two years). Outside Quebec only. The report says funding rose 'in line with increases to planned permanent resident admissions in IRCC’s Levels Plan'. The same report gives the program’s general eligibility: permanent residents, protected persons, resettled refugees and those approved to become permanent residents.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Settlement Outcomes Report (opens in a new tab)Section 'Settlement Program Funding', first paragraphAccessed October 14, 2026.

$1,080,000,000 ($1.1B)

Period

2023-24

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

1080000000

Stated as approximately $973.5M in 2022-23 and $1.08B in 2023-24 ($2.05B over the two years). Outside Quebec only. The report says funding rose 'in line with increases to planned permanent resident admissions in IRCC’s Levels Plan'. The same report gives the program’s general eligibility: permanent residents, protected persons, resettled refugees and those approved to become permanent residents.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Settlement Outcomes Report (opens in a new tab)Section 'Settlement Program Funding', first paragraphAccessed October 14, 2026.

437,539

Period

2022

Unit

Persons

Stored value

437539

Against a target of 431,645, per the same paragraph.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2023 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Significant, sustained growth and record admissions in 2022', first paragraphAccessed October 14, 2026.

471,808

Period

2023

Unit

Persons

Stored value

471808

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Permanent Immigration to Canada', paragraph beginning 'In 2024, 483,640 immigrants were admitted', sentence 'In 2023, a total of 471,808'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed October 14, 2026.

946,259

Period

2023

Unit

Persons

Stored value

946259

905,440 in 2024, down from 946,259 in 2023, per the same sentence. Both programs (TFWP and IMP).

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section on temporary residents, paragraph beginning 'In 2024, a total of 905,440'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed October 14, 2026.

“attract top global talent and grow our economy, while staying within our capacity to welcome and integrate those who choose Canada as their home”

Period

2025-11-04

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Message From the Minister', paragraph beginning 'Canada continues to be a top destination'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed October 14, 2026.

61.0%

Period

2023

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.61

Approximately 61% (268) of 440 submissions not supportive, 36% (159) supportive, 3% (13) neutral. Proposal pre-published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, on February 25, 2023.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'The Department received 440 submissions'Published October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

“shall take the oath of citizenship by swearing or solemnly affirming it before a citizenship judge”

Period

Current to 2026-09-21

Unit

Verbatim text

Section 19(2): the oath is taken at a citizenship ceremony unless the Minister directs otherwise. Section 21 has the certificate countersigned by the officer who administered the oath. No self-administration provision appears in sections 19 or 21 of this consolidation.

• Department of Justice Canada (Justice Laws Website), Citizenship Regulations (SOR/93-246) (opens in a new tab)Section 19(1); consolidation current to 2026-09-21, last amended 2026-07-15Accessed October 14, 2026.

“meet the minimum score in all 4 abilities”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

The four abilities are writing, reading, listening and speaking.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Eligibility to apply as a Federal Skilled Worker (Express Entry) (opens in a new tab)Minimum requirements, 'Language ability'Accessed October 14, 2026.

“Below CLB level 7”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

The row reads 'Not eligible to apply' for speaking, listening, reading and writing. The Federal Skilled Worker Program is one route to permanent residence; others were not read.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Eligibility to apply as a Federal Skilled Worker (Express Entry) (opens in a new tab)Selection factors, 'First official language' table, last rowAccessed October 14, 2026.

“you will need to take a test that assesses your speaking and listening abilities”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

The routes listed under this sentence include citizenship and settlement (indefinite leave to remain). Other routes, such as Skilled Worker and Student, need a test of all four skills.

• UK Home Office (GOV.UK), Prove your English language abilities with a secure English language test (SELT) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Applications that require an English language test', second listAccessed October 14, 2026.

“a degree taught or researched in English”

Period

In force, read 2026-10-14

Unit

Verbatim text

• UK Home Office (GOV.UK), Prove your knowledge of English for citizenship and settling (opens in a new tab)Overview, list under 'You can prove it by having either'Accessed October 14, 2026.

4

Period

2018

Unit

Index

Stored value

4

Table 7 places CLB 3 and 4 at A2, CLB 5 to 7 at B1, CLB 8 and 9 at B2, CLB 10 and 11 at C1 and CLB 12 at C2. The report recommends reporting at the six CEFR levels as in Table 7.

• Centre for Canadian Language Benchmarks, Aligning the Canadian Language Benchmarks (CLB) to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), by Brian North and Enrica Piccardo (opens in a new tab)Table 7: Relationship between the CLB/NCLC and the CEFR, p. 29Published December 20, 2018. Accessed October 14, 2026.

“improved their official language skills by at least one level in at least one of the four language skills in the year they participated in training”

Period

2025

Unit

Verbatim text

The same sentence: 35% of language clients in 2023/24 and 34% in 2022/23.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Settlement Outcomes Report (opens in a new tab)Language chapter, paragraph beginning 'In addition to these self-reported results'Accessed October 14, 2026.

50.0%

Period

2024-25

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.5

Stated as at least 50%, to be met at the end of each fiscal year.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 3, 'Percentage of settlement clients who acquired knowledge and skills to integrate into the Canadian labour market', targetAccessed October 14, 2026.

66.0%

Period

2022-23

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.66

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 3, 'Percentage of settlement clients who acquired knowledge and skills to integrate into the Canadian labour market', actual resultAccessed October 14, 2026.

53.8%

Period

2023-24

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.538

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 3, 'Percentage of settlement clients who acquired knowledge and skills to integrate into the Canadian labour market', actual resultAccessed October 14, 2026.

54.0%

Period

2024-25

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.54

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s 2024–25 Departmental Results Report (opens in a new tab)Table 5: 'Permanent residents are welcomed and benefit from settlement supports', indicator 3, 'Percentage of settlement clients who acquired knowledge and skills to integrate into the Canadian labour market', actual resultAccessed October 14, 2026.

“to be eligible for IRCC-funded Settlement Program services, newcomers must be one of the following: a permanent resident of Canada; a protected person with accepted asylum claim; refugee selected for resettlement; or a newcomer approved to become a permanent resident.”

Period

2025

Unit

Verbatim text

The report adds: 'Newcomers arriving under special initiatives, like CUAET, may have different terms of eligibility.'

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Settlement Outcomes Report (opens in a new tab)Section 'Settlement Program Funding' and services, paragraph beginning 'Generally, to be eligible'Accessed October 14, 2026.

“in line with increases to planned permanent resident admissions in IRCC’s Levels Plan, and funding associated with extending eligibility to additional populations such as Ukrainians”

Period

2025

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Settlement Outcomes Report (opens in a new tab)Section 'Settlement Program Funding', first paragraphAccessed October 14, 2026.

147,000

Period

2022-23 and 2023-24

Unit

Persons

Stored value

147000

Stated as 'over 147,000 Ukrainian (including eligible temporary residents)'. Settlement access for Ukrainian temporary residents under CUAET ran until March 31, 2025.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Settlement Outcomes Report (opens in a new tab)Chapter on clients, paragraph beginning 'After COVID-19-related border limitations ended'Accessed October 14, 2026.

“without the presence of an authorized official”

Period

2023-10-24

Unit

Verbatim text

The words that end the sentence quoted in “IRCC on the proposed self-administered oath: an option beside ceremonies”, read at the page on 2026-10-14.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'In an effort to modernize', the end of its first sentencePublished October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

“the option to either swear/affirm the Oath of Citizenship at a citizenship ceremony, (in-person or virtual as scheduled by the Department), or to self-administer the Oath of Citizenship through a secure online solution”

Period

2023-10-24

Unit

Verbatim text

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'In an effort to modernize'Published October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

“could save up to 3 months of processing times for their application”

Period

2023-10-24

Unit

Verbatim text

The same sentence: they 'would still have the option to attend a public in-person citizenship ceremony at a later date'.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'Those who choose to self-administer'Published October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

“promotes flexibility and inclusivity for those who may face socio-economic or geographic barriers”

Period

2023-10-24

Unit

Verbatim text

The paragraph cites time off work or school, childcare and travel from rural or remote areas.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'Providing clients with the option'Published October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

36.0%

Period

2023

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.36

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'The Department received 440 submissions'Published October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

3.0%

Period

2023

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.03

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'The Department received 440 submissions'Published October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

440

Period

2023

Unit

Count

Stored value

440

Written feedback received during the 30-day comment period after pre-publication in the Canada Gazette, Part I, on February 25, 2023.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, CIMM: Citizenship Ceremonies, October 24, 2023 (briefing note for the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration) (opens in a new tab)Paragraph beginning 'The Department received 440 submissions'Published October 24, 2023. Accessed October 14, 2026.

“Unless the Minister otherwise directs, the oath of citizenship shall be taken at a citizenship ceremony.”

Period

Current to 2026-09-21

Unit

Verbatim text

• Department of Justice Canada (Justice Laws Website), Citizenship Regulations (SOR/93-246) (opens in a new tab)Section 19(2); consolidation current to 2026-09-21, last amended 2026-07-15Accessed October 14, 2026.

59.0%

Period

2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.59

Stated as 'from 59 per cent to 64 per cent'. The baseline the 2026-2028 plan's share is measured from: the planned 2025 share. The 2025 result is admissions by class for 2025, which IRCC gives in its 2026 annual report (due by November 2026) or its open data.

• Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, 2025 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration (opens in a new tab)Section 'Annex: Canada’s 2026–2028 Levels Plan', paragraph beginning 'Budget 2025 announces'Published November 4, 2025. Accessed October 14, 2026.

148,000

Period

2026 to 2027

Unit

Persons

Stored value

148000

Incremental to the 380,000 annual permanent resident targets, according to supplementary information cited by the PBO. A February 2026 projection, built on Statistics Canada's estimates before the September 23, 2026 revision, which raised the count of temporary residents on April 1, 2026 by 240,087. The PBO noted that meeting the target on time depends on the pace of outflows and on asylum claims.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Demographic Implications of the 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan (RP-2526-025-S) (opens in a new tab)Summary, p. 2Published February 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

5.3%

Period

End of 2027

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.053

With the initiatives the PBO projects just under 5%, meeting the target. A February 2026 projection, built on Statistics Canada's estimates before the September 23, 2026 revision, which raised the count of temporary residents on April 1, 2026 by 240,087. The PBO noted that meeting the target on time depends on the pace of outflows and on asylum claims.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Demographic Implications of the 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan (RP-2526-025-S) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Non-permanent resident admissions', p. 9Published February 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“reduce the NPR population without affecting the number of people present in Canada”

Period

2026-02-26

Unit

Verbatim text

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Demographic Implications of the 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan (RP-2526-025-S) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Non-permanent resident admissions', p. 9Published February 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“one year later than originally planned”

Period

2026-02-26

Unit

Verbatim text

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Demographic Implications of the 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan (RP-2526-025-S) (opens in a new tab)Summary, p. 2Published February 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-1.7%

Period

2027

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.017

Compared with a status quo scenario of about 500,000 permanent residents a year and a stable temporary resident population. The PBO also estimates nominal GDP about $37 billion a year lower on average over three years.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Impact assessment of 2025-2027 Immigration Level Plan (RP-2425-028-S) (opens in a new tab)Highlights, p. 1Published January 23, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

1.4%

Period

2027

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.014

Compared with a status quo scenario of about 500,000 permanent residents a year and a stable temporary resident population. The PBO also estimates nominal GDP about $37 billion a year lower on average over three years.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Impact assessment of 2025-2027 Immigration Level Plan (RP-2425-028-S) (opens in a new tab)Highlights, p. 1Published January 23, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

1,400,000

Period

2027

Unit

Persons

Stored value

1400000

Compared with a status quo scenario of about 500,000 permanent residents a year and a stable temporary resident population. The PBO also estimates nominal GDP about $37 billion a year lower on average over three years.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Impact assessment of 2025-2027 Immigration Level Plan (RP-2425-028-S) (opens in a new tab)Highlights, p. 1Published January 23, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $896,000,000 ($896.0M) (2024-25)

Period

2020-21 to 2024-25

Unit

Canadian dollars

Federal health coverage for asylum claimants and some refugees until they qualify for provincial coverage or leave the country. The report gives totals for these two years only; its projection to 2029-30 was revised in the PBO's May 2026 report (Appendix B).

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Projecting the Cost of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2526-023-C) (opens in a new tab)Summary, p. 2 (costs in 2020-21 and 2024-25)Published February 12, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $1,383,000,000 ($1.4B) (2029-30)

Period

2025-26 to 2029-30

Unit

Canadian dollars

Revised down from the February 2026 projection (989, 1,104, 1,232, 1,376 and 1,522 million) with more months of data. Co-payments that started May 1, 2026 reduce these amounts (Table 6).

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Appendix B, Table B-1, 'Updated PBO baseline projection under a no co-payment scenario', row 'New Baseline', Total Cost ($ millions)Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: -$217,100,000 (-$217.1M) (2029-30)

Period

2026-27 to 2029-30

Unit

Canadian dollars

Relative to the no-co-payment baseline (Appendix B, Table B-1). Since May 1, 2026 beneficiaries pay $4 per prescription and 30% of other supplemental health products and services; the PBO estimates this adds $157.1 million a year to their out-of-pocket costs by 2029-30.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Table 6, 'Change in federal IFHP cost under co-payment, millions of dollars', row 'Net Change'; HighlightsPublished May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $329,500,000 ($329.5M) (2024-25)

Period

2019-20 to 2024-25

Unit

Canadian dollars

Health spending only; the program total also includes administration.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Table 2, 'Total IFHP health expenditures and claims across beneficiary types', row 'Basic Benefits' ($ thousands)Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $457,742,000 ($457.7M) (2024-25)

Period

2019-20 to 2024-25

Unit

Canadian dollars

Includes prescriptions and urgent dental care.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Table 2, 'Total IFHP health expenditures and claims across beneficiary types', row 'Supplementary Benefits' ($ thousands)Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $34,540,000 ($34.5M) (2024-25)

Period

2019-20 to 2024-25

Unit

Canadian dollars

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Table 2, 'Total IFHP health expenditures and claims across beneficiary types', row 'In-Canada IME' ($ thousands)Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $26,515,000 ($26.5M) (2024-25)

Period

2019-20 to 2024-25

Unit

Canadian dollars

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Table 2, 'Total IFHP health expenditures and claims across beneficiary types', row 'Pre-Departure Medical Services' ($ thousands)Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“urgent dental expenditures increasing from $30 million to $257 million, over five years”

Period

2026-05-26

Unit

Verbatim text

IFHP dental coverage is for urgent care (pain, infection or trauma).

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Highlights, second paragraphPublished May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“the longer duration of eligibility caused by extended determination times”

Period

2026-02-12

Unit

Verbatim text

The sentence: the rising volume of asylum claims, along with this longer duration, has been an important growth driver.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Projecting the Cost of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2526-023-C) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Beneficiaries', p. 4Published February 12, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

304,192

Period

December 2025

Unit

Count

Stored value

304192

Up five times since 2021 (PBO).

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Implications of Different Refugee Pathways and Claimant Volumes', p. 13, text before Figure 3Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

65.0%

Period

December 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.65

The PBO says roughly 65 per cent.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Highlights; p. 13Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“five times the 2021 level”

Period

2026-05-26

Unit

Verbatim text

Refers to the more than 300,000 asylum claimants in the inventory of cases pending adjudication in December 2025.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)HighlightsPublished May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

276,099

Period

2026-06-30

Unit

Count

Stored value

276099

The IRB's own count. Its count for December 31, 2025 was 299,614 (the PBO reported 304,192 pending in December 2025).

• Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Claims by Country of Alleged Persecution - 2026 (opens in a new tab)Table, row 'Total', column 'Pending (as of 2026/06/30)'Published August 21, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

55,937

Period

2021-12-31

Unit

Count

Stored value

55937

• Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Refugee Protection Claims (New System) by Country of Alleged Persecution - 2021 (opens in a new tab)Table, row 'Total', column 'Pending (as of 2021/12/31)'Published May 1, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

7.0%

Period

2024-25

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.07

Share of in-Canada health spending by location of service (the provinces in the table add up to $821.8 million, which excludes administration and medical services before overseas refugees travel). Ontario 59.8%, Quebec 29.0%, Alberta 7.0%, British Columbia 2.8%.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Figure 2, 'Share of IFHP spending by province, based on location of service delivery, 2024-25', data table, row 'Alberta'Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$57,600,000 ($57.6M)

Period

2024-25

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

57600000

By location of service. The provinces in the table add up to $821.8 million of in-Canada health spending, which excludes administration; the program cost $896 million in total that year.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Reviewing the Administrative and Fiscal Impacts of the Interim Federal Health Program (RP-2627-005-C) (opens in a new tab)Figure 2, 'Share of IFHP spending by province, based on location of service delivery, 2024-25', data table, row 'Alberta' ($57.6 million, 7.0%)Published May 26, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$16,500

Period

2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

16500

Federal variable costs only, including federal support programs (interim housing, IFHP, legal aid); fixed costs and provincial and municipal costs are excluded. The PBO computed take-up rates for claimants who arrived visa-free with an electronic travel authorization (eTA); step costs are the same for all claimants.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Costing Asylum Claims from Visa-Exempt Countries (RP-2425-007-S) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Cost Analysis', Table 2 'Per Claimant Cost (2024 dollars)', p. 8Published May 31, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$9,055

Period

2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

9055

Federal variable costs only, including federal support programs (interim housing, IFHP, legal aid); fixed costs and provincial and municipal costs are excluded. The PBO computed take-up rates for claimants who arrived visa-free with an electronic travel authorization (eTA); step costs are the same for all claimants.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Costing Asylum Claims from Visa-Exempt Countries (RP-2425-007-S) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Cost Analysis', Table 2 'Per Claimant Cost (2024 dollars)', p. 8Published May 31, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$40,814

Period

2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

40814

Federal variable costs only, including federal support programs (interim housing, IFHP, legal aid); fixed costs and provincial and municipal costs are excluded. The PBO computed take-up rates for claimants who arrived visa-free with an electronic travel authorization (eTA); step costs are the same for all claimants.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Costing Asylum Claims from Visa-Exempt Countries (RP-2425-007-S) (opens in a new tab)Section 'Cost Analysis', Table 2 'Per Claimant Cost (2024 dollars)', p. 8Published May 31, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$960,000,000 ($960.0M)

Period

2017 to April 2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

960000000

Budget 2024 says almost $960 million, paid on a cost-sharing basis.

• Department of Finance Canada, Budget 2024: Fairness for Every Generation (opens in a new tab)Chapter 1, 'Sheltering Asylum Claimants', p. 83Published April 16, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

Latest: $267,000,000 ($267.0M) (2026-27)

Period

2024-25 to 2026-27

Unit

Canadian dollars

$1.1 billion over three years ($1,076 million in the table). The 2026-27 funding is conditional on provincial and municipal investments in permanent transitional housing.

• Department of Finance Canada, Budget 2024: Fairness for Every Generation (opens in a new tab)Chapter 1, 'Sheltering Asylum Claimants', p. 83, and the chapter 1 cost table, row 'Sheltering Asylum Claimants'Published April 16, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“falls under provincial and municipal jurisdiction”

Period

2024-04-16

Unit

Verbatim text

Full clause: providing asylum claimants with a safe place to live falls under provincial and municipal jurisdiction.

• Department of Finance Canada, Budget 2024: Fairness for Every Generation (opens in a new tab)Chapter 1, 'Sheltering Asylum Claimants', p. 83, first sentencePublished April 16, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“conditional on provincial and municipal investments in permanent transitional housing solutions for asylum claimants”

Period

2024-04-16

Unit

Verbatim text

• Department of Finance Canada, Budget 2024: Fairness for Every Generation (opens in a new tab)Chapter 1, 'Sheltering Asylum Claimants', p. 83Published April 16, 2024. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“increase with the time it takes the federal government to make a final determination”

Period

2018-11-29

Unit

Verbatim text

Subject: provincial and municipal costs. The same section notes Ontario had identified $200 million in costs for temporary housing, social assistance and education.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Costing Irregular Migration across Canada's Southern Border (RP-1819-386) (opens in a new tab)Section 3.3 'Transfers to provincial and municipal governments', p. 15Published November 29, 2018. Accessed September 28, 2026.

“it has no obligation to do so”

Period

2018-11-29

Unit

Verbatim text

Full sentence: while the federal government has reimbursed part of these expenses, it has no obligation to do so.

• Office of the Parliamentary Budget Officer, Costing Irregular Migration across Canada's Southern Border (RP-1819-386) (opens in a new tab)Executive Summary, p. 1Published November 29, 2018. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$1,000,000,000 ($1.0B)

Period

Per year (published 2026)

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

1000000000

A lower bound: "more than $1 billion". The FAQ components (K-12 $600 million, health about $400 million, social programs more than $100 million) sum to $1.1 billion or more. The referendum website (launched April 23, 2026) gives no date, method or per-person figure. It covers temporary residents only, for one year.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Immigration Questions (opens in a new tab)Stat panel '$1B+' after Ballot Question 1Accessed October 14, 2026.

$600,000,000 ($600.0M)

Period

Per year (published 2026)

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

600000000

Alberta Education estimate; capital costs not included. The home page says $600M+ for 45,000 children. The referendum website (launched April 23, 2026) gives no date, method or per-person figure. It covers temporary residents only, for one year.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ 'How much do temporary residents living in Alberta cost the province…'Accessed October 14, 2026.

45,544

Period

Published 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

45544

"Approximately 45,544". The referendum website (launched April 23, 2026) gives no date, method or per-person figure. It covers temporary residents only, for one year.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ 'How much do temporary residents living in Alberta cost the province…'Accessed October 14, 2026.

$400,000,000 ($400.0M)

Period

Per year (published 2026)

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

400000000

"About $400 million"; the FAQ says health costs are less precise to track. The referendum website (launched April 23, 2026) gives no date, method or per-person figure. It covers temporary residents only, for one year.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ 'How much do temporary residents living in Alberta cost the province…'Accessed October 14, 2026.

$100,000,000 ($100.0M)

Period

Per year (published 2026)

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

100000000

A lower bound: "more than $100 million" for the child care subsidy, Alberta Child and Family Benefit and student aid. The referendum website (launched April 23, 2026) gives no date, method or per-person figure. It covers temporary residents only, for one year.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ 'How much do temporary residents living in Alberta cost the province…'Accessed October 14, 2026.

$150,000,000 ($150.0M)

Period

Per year (published 2026)

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

150000000

The site does not say which taxes are included or how the figure was estimated. The referendum website (launched April 23, 2026) gives no date, method or per-person figure. It covers temporary residents only, for one year.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ "Don't temporary residents also pay taxes?"Accessed October 14, 2026.

$1,000,000,000 ($1.0B)

Period

Per year (published 2026)

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

1000000000

The FAQ reaches "over $1 billion" net only after adding capital costs and jobs it says could have been filled by Albertans, neither of which it quantifies. The referendum website (launched April 23, 2026) gives no date, method or per-person figure. It covers temporary residents only, for one year.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ "Don't temporary residents also pay taxes?"Accessed October 14, 2026.

“estimated to cost Alberta taxpayers more than $1 billion per year”

Period

2026

Unit

Verbatim text

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Immigration Questions (opens in a new tab)Stat panel '$1B+' after Ballot Question 1Accessed October 14, 2026.

“Health costs are less precise to track”

Period

2026

Unit

Verbatim text

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ 'How much do temporary residents living in Alberta cost the province…'Accessed October 14, 2026.

“could have been filled by Albertans”

Period

2026

Unit

Verbatim text

The FAQ adds this and unquantified capital costs to reach a net annual cost of over $1 billion.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ "Don't temporary residents also pay taxes?"Accessed October 14, 2026.

$10.00

Period

2026-08-31

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

10

News report. The Premier's post, as reported: 'For every $1 of taxes a guest worker generates, taxpayers are covering $10 in services.' Her office told The Tyee the $10 adds capital costs, such as school spaces for about 45,544 children of temporary residents, to the province's estimate of more than $1 billion; it gave no figure for those costs.

• The Tyee (reporting), Does Alberta Provide $10 in Services for Every $1 of ‘Guest Worker’ Taxes? (Ximena Gonzalez) (opens in a new tab)Paragraphs quoting the Premier's August 31, 2026 post and her office's email statementPublished September 10, 2026. Accessed October 14, 2026.

$12,000

Period

2025

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

12000

News report of the office's method. The referendum website does not publish a method.

• The Tyee (reporting), Does Alberta Provide $10 in Services for Every $1 of ‘Guest Worker’ Taxes? (Ximena Gonzalez) (opens in a new tab)Email statement from the Premier's office quoted in the report (paragraphs beginning 'The estimated total cost of educating students' and 'For health care')Published September 10, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

47,389

Period

2025

Unit

Persons

Stored value

47389

The referendum website gives 45,544 children of temporary residents in K-12 schools.

• The Tyee (reporting), Does Alberta Provide $10 in Services for Every $1 of ‘Guest Worker’ Taxes? (Ximena Gonzalez) (opens in a new tab)Email statement from the Premier's office quoted in the report (paragraphs beginning 'The estimated total cost of educating students' and 'For health care')Published September 10, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

1.3%

Period

2024

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0127

News report of the office's method: 1.27% of the Canadian Institute for Health Information's $31.8 billion estimate of Alberta's 2024 health costs, 'just over $400 million'.

• The Tyee (reporting), Does Alberta Provide $10 in Services for Every $1 of ‘Guest Worker’ Taxes? (Ximena Gonzalez) (opens in a new tab)Email statement from the Premier's office quoted in the report (paragraphs beginning 'The estimated total cost of educating students' and 'For health care')Published September 10, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$31,800,000,000 ($31.8B)

Period

2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

31800000000

• The Tyee (reporting), Does Alberta Provide $10 in Services for Every $1 of ‘Guest Worker’ Taxes? (Ximena Gonzalez) (opens in a new tab)Email statement from the Premier's office quoted in the report (paragraphs beginning 'The estimated total cost of educating students' and 'For health care')Published September 10, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$1,731

Period

2025-26

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

1731

The same per-person amount goes to every province that receives no Equalization (Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia). Statistics Canada population estimates, which set each province's share, include temporary residents.

• Department of Finance Canada, Major federal transfers (opens in a new tab)Table 'Federal Support to Alberta (millions of dollars)', row 'Per Capita Allocation (dollars)', column 2025-26Published December 11, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$1,792

Period

2026-27

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

1792

The same per-person amount goes to every province that receives no Equalization (Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia). Statistics Canada population estimates, which set each province's share, include temporary residents.

• Department of Finance Canada, Major federal transfers (opens in a new tab)Table 'Federal Support to Alberta (millions of dollars)', row 'Per Capita Allocation (dollars)', column 2026-27Published December 11, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.

25.0%

Period

2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.25

No source is given. Statistics Canada counts 54,102 of 494,481 temporary-resident inflows (10.9%) in Alberta in 2025.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ "Hasn't the federal government started reducing their immigration targets?"Accessed October 14, 2026.

400,000

Period

2023 to 2025

Unit

Persons

Stored value

400000

No source is given. Statistics Canada counts 285,088 temporary-resident inflows to Alberta over the three years; IRCC permit counts, which include renewals, may explain part of the gap.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum: Frequently Asked Questions (opens in a new tab)Immigration FAQ 'What is an "Alberta-approved immigration status"?'Accessed October 14, 2026.

600,000

Period

Five years to 2026

Unit

Persons

Stored value

600000

Supported: Statistics Canada shows +669,519 from July 1, 2021 to July 1, 2026.

• Government of Alberta, 2026 Alberta Referendum (opens in a new tab)'By the numbers' panel, 'Number of people'Accessed October 14, 2026.

$6,051

Period

2005-06

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

6051

Think-tank analysis. A relative measure: the gap versus the average Canadian. All of it came from lower taxes paid ($6,161 less); benefits received were $110 lower. Covers 1987-2004 arrivals. Disputed: Javdani and Pendakur's corrected estimate is $450.

• Fraser Institute (analysis), Immigration and the Canadian Welfare State 2011 (Herbert Grubel and Patrick Grady) (opens in a new tab)Executive summary; section 3 (per-capita fiscal transfer calculation)Published May 17, 2011. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$450

Period

2005-06

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

450

Academic analysis (Internet Archive copy of the working paper). The preferred estimate: all immigrants who arrived 1970-2004, compared with the Canadian-born, with 10% of tax revenue treated as paying for public goods such as national defence. The revised journal version, Journal of International Migration and Integration 15(4), 2014 (doi:10.1007/s12134-013-0305-5), rounds it to about $500 per immigrant a year in its abstract.

• Metropolis British Columbia (academic working paper), Fiscal Transfers to Immigrants in Canada (Mohsen Javdani and Krishna Pendakur), Working Paper No. 11-08, July 2011 (opens in a new tab)Introduction and executive summary: 'a fiscal transfer from Canadian-born people to immigrants of $450 per immigrant'Accessed September 28, 2026.

“refugees and family class immigrants have negative or zero average present values of life‐cycle NDFCs”

Period

2020

Unit

Verbatim text

NDFC = net direct fiscal contribution (taxes and social security contributions minus transfers; in-kind health and education are excluded). The sentence ends: much below that of economic immigrants. Applies to the 2016 landing cohort, by age at landing.

• Canadian Journal of Economics (peer-reviewed), Immigrants’ net direct fiscal contribution: How does it change over their lifetime? (Haozhen Zhang, Jianwei Zhong and Cédric de Chardon, IRCC), vol. 53(4), pp. 1642-1662 (opens in a new tab)Abstract, last sentenceAccessed September 28, 2026.

$2,042,975,750,000 ($2.0T)

Period

2014

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2042975750000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$57,656

Period

2014

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

57655.6963572851

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,056,254,500,000 ($2.1T)

Period

2015

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2056254500000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$57,591

Period

2015

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

57590.9091341937

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,077,609,750,000 ($2.1T)

Period

2016

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2077609750000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$57,534

Period

2016

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

57534.2993618835

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,140,641,000,000 ($2.1T)

Period

2017

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2140641000000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$58,575

Period

2017

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

58575.3620699917

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,199,358,000,000 ($2.2T)

Period

2018

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2199358000000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$59,326

Period

2018

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

59325.6694563265

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,241,331,250,000 ($2.2T)

Period

2019

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2241331250000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$59,581

Period

2019

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

59580.566686679

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,128,407,750,000 ($2.1T)

Period

2020

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2128407750000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$55,969

Period

2020

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

55968.5505960008

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,255,059,250,000 ($2.3T)

Period

2021

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2255059250000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$58,971

Period

2021

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

58971.4244276601

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,360,943,750,000 ($2.4T)

Period

2022

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2360943750000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$60,622

Period

2022

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

60621.534976917

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,407,055,000,000 ($2.4T)

Period

2023

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2407055000000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$60,142

Period

2023

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

60142.2382655605

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,456,309,750,000 ($2.5T)

Period

2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2456309750000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$59,673

Period

2024

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

59673.3483238046

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2024Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$2,501,835,000,000 ($2.5T)

Period

2025

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

2501835000000

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$60,127

Period

2025

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

60127.2821334586

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2025Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

21.7%

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.216695209663979

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

16.5%

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.165370872879938

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2025Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

4.4%

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0440412043740246

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2025Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.4%

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.00431919660477931

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2025Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

78.0%

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.780262457764692

A log decomposition: growth in real GDP equals growth in population plus growth in real GDP per person, in log terms. This is the population part.

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2025Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.9%

Period

2019 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.00917606993660636

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2025Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-0.8%

Period

2022 to 2023

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.00790637702491503

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-0.8%

Period

2023 to 2024

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.00779635004080648

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2024Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

2.8%

Period

2022 to 2023

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0276558898986043

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

2.8%

Period

2023 to 2024

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.028481059150826

• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), July 1, 2024Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

22.6%

Period

2015 Q4 to 2026 Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.225574471266969

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

6.0%

Period

2015 Q4 to 2026 Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0600615748551947

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0706-01 Gross domestic product per capita and other per capita macroeconomic indicators (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product per capita; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v1645315579Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

5.2%

Period

2015 Q4 to 2026 Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.0524093016087499

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), April 1, 2026Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$60,504

Period

2026-Q2

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

60504.4136276314

Uses the population as revised on September 23, 2026; the published per-capita series predates that revision.

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), April 1, 2026Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-0.1%

Period

2022 Q3 to 2026 Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.00124549328089152

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0706-01 Gross domestic product per capita and other per capita macroeconomic indicators (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product per capita; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v1645315579Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-0.9%

Period

2022 Q3 to 2026 Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.00856284906099547

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada; vector v1Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Canada (vector v1), April 1, 2026Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.7%

Period

2025-Q1

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.00715585037159938

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-0.2%

Period

2025-Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.00242322458731647

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.5%

Period

2025-Q3

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.00471919790863295

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-0.2%

Period

2025-Q4

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.0024647553149153

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.1%

Period

2026-Q1

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.000811889159340939

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.8%

Period

2026-Q2

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.00819738265316716

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0104-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, Canada, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; Seasonally adjusted at annual rates; vector v62305752Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

0.0%

Period

2026-Q1

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.000356975391083925

Statistics Canada reported the quarter as "unchanged"; the levels in its table slipped by less than a twentieth of a percent.

• Statistics Canada, The Daily: Gross domestic product, income and expenditure, first quarter 2026, Table 2 (Real gross domestic product, expenditure-based) (opens in a new tab)Row 'Gross domestic product at market prices', columns fourth quarter 2025 and first quarter 2026 (millions of chained 2017 dollars)Published May 29, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

3

Period

2023 Q1 to 2026 Q2

Unit

Count

Stored value

3

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0706-01 Gross domestic product per capita and other per capita macroeconomic indicators (opens in a new tab)Gross domestic product per capita; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v1645315579Published August 28, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

-13.9%

Period

2015 Q1 to 2025 Q3

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

-0.138584247258225

• Statistics Canada, Measuring Canada's economic performance relative to the United States (Economic and Social Reports, 36-28-0001) (opens in a new tab)Data table for Chart 1, column 'Real gross domestic product per capita'Published March 25, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

4.3%

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.042971612184217

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area CANAccessed September 28, 2026.

19.6%

Period

2015 to 2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.195732501640986

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area USAAccessed September 28, 2026.

81.3%

Period

2015

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.812969348469316

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area CANAccessed September 28, 2026.
• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area USAAccessed September 28, 2026.

70.9%

Period

2025

Unit

Ratio, shown as a percentage

Stored value

0.709108392442087

• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area CANAccessed September 28, 2026.
• OECD, Annual GDP and consumption per capita, US $, volume, constant PPPs, reference year 2020 (dataflow DSD_NAMAIN10@DF_TABLE1_EXPENDITURE_HVPVOB, version 2.0) (opens in a new tab)Transaction B1GQ_POP (Gross domestic product, per capita); chain linked volume (rebased); US dollars per person, PPP converted; reference area USAAccessed September 28, 2026.

$83,797

Period

2014

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

83796.9348274104

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0222-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual (opens in a new tab)Alberta; Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v62788314Published November 6, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Alberta; July 1 of each year; vector v15Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$79,354

Period

2015

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

79354.2975706644

• Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0222-01 Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual (opens in a new tab)Alberta; Gross domestic product at market prices; Chained (2017) dollars; vector v62788314Published November 6, 2025. Accessed September 28, 2026.
• Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0009-01 Population estimates, quarterly (opens in a new tab)Alberta; July 1 of each year; vector v15Published September 23, 2026. Accessed September 28, 2026.

$75,785

Period

2016

Unit

Canadian dollars

Stored value

75785.1346239608